What is USB 4 ？2024 Complete Understanding

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July 11, 2023 | Words by Jackson

The advent of USB 4 has revolutionized the way we transfer data and connect devices.

In this article, we will delve into the realm of USB 4, exploring its definition, working mechanism, advantages, differences from USB-C and Thunderbolt, available devices, and offer some final thoughts on this groundbreaking technology.

Read on to find out everything you need to know about this mysterious USB 4!

What is USB 4?

USB 4 is a high-speed serial bus standard that was introduced by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF).

Is a high-speed data transfer and power delivery protocol that enhances the connectivity experience.

It is the successor to USB 3.2 and was officially announced in 2019.

USB 4 is based on Intel's Thunderbolt 3 technology and incorporates several advancements over previous USB versions.

It builds upon the foundation of its predecessors while introducing several advancements to cater to the increasing demands of modern digital enthusiasts.

How does USB 4 work?

USB 4 operates as a high-speed serial bus that uses the USB-C connector for physical connectivity.

It relies on a combination of technologies, including Intel's Thunderbolt 3 protocol, to achieve its enhanced capabilities.

Here's a more detailed explanation of how USB 4 works:

Thunderbolt 3 Foundation: USB 4 is built on the foundation of Intel's Thunderbolt 3 technology. Thunderbolt 3 combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort protocols into a single interface, enabling high-speed data transfer, video output, and power delivery over a single cable. USB 4 leverages the Thunderbolt 3 infrastructure, allowing for increased data rates and versatile connectivity options.

Enhanced Data Transfer: USB 4 supports a maximum data transfer rate of 40 Gbps, which is achieved by using two-lane operation with PCIe 3.0 signaling. This high bandwidth enables faster file transfers, allowing large amounts of data to be transferred quickly between devices.

Alternate Modes: USB 4 supports alternate modes, which means it can carry various protocols simultaneously over a single USB-C cable. This includes USB, DisplayPort, and Thunderbolt data streams. Alternate modes allow for the flexibility to connect different devices and peripherals using a single port.

USB-C Connector: USB 4 utilizes the USB Type-C connector, which is a reversible, small form factor connector. The USB-C connector provides power delivery capabilities, allowing devices to charge and be powered over the USB connection. It also supports USB Power Delivery (USB PD), which facilitates fast charging and power delivery negotiation between devices.

Backward Compatibility: USB 4 maintains backward compatibility with previous USB standards. This means that USB 4 ports and devices can work with USB 2.0, USB 3.2, and USB-C devices. However, the data transfer rates will be limited to the capabilities of the specific device or port.

Multi-Stream Transport: USB 4 incorporates Multi-Stream Transport (MST) technology, which enables the daisy-chaining of multiple displays through a single USB-C port. This allows for the connection of multiple monitors or displays using a single cable.

Protocol Flexibility: USB 4 supports multiple data and display protocols, allowing devices to negotiate and use the most appropriate protocol for a given task. This flexibility enables seamless compatibility with a wide range of devices, such as external storage drives, monitors, graphics cards, and audio devices.

By combining these features and technologies, USB 4 provides high-speed data transfer, versatile connectivity options, and improved power delivery capabilities, making it a robust and flexible solution for connecting various devices and peripherals.

From USB 1 to USB 4

USB 1.0/1.1: USB 1.0 was introduced in 1996, offering a data transfer rate of 1.5 Mbps (Low-Speed) or 12 Mbps (Full-Speed). USB 1.1, released in 1998, added support for hubs and introduced the concept of device classes, making it easier for different devices to communicate with the host.

USB 2.0 : USB 2.0 was released in 2000, significantly improving upon the data transfer speeds of its predecessor. It offered a maximum data transfer rate of 480 Mbps (High-Speed), making it suitable for various peripherals, such as printers, scanners, and external storage devices. USB 2.0 became the most widely adopted USB standard and is still prevalent today.

USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 : USB 3.0, also known as SuperSpeed USB, was introduced in 2008. It offered a substantial leap in data transfer rates, reaching up to 5 Gbps (SuperSpeed). USB 3.1, released in 2013, increased the maximum data rate to 10 Gbps (SuperSpeed+). USB 3.1 Gen 2x2, later renamed USB 3.2 Gen 2x2, introduced in 2017, doubled the speed to 20 Gbps. These versions introduced new connectors and improved power delivery capabilities.

USB technology has evolved significantly since its inception. USB 1.0 started with a modest transfer speed of 12 Mbps, which gradually increased to 480 Mbps with USB 2.0. USB 3.0 brought a major leap with transfer speeds up to 5 Gbps, which was later refined to 10 Gbps with USB 3.1. Now, USB 4 takes it even further with an impressive 40 Gbps transfer speed.

What are the main advantages of USB 4?

Transmission speed: USB 4's blazing-fast transfer speeds allow for quick data transfers, making it ideal for large file transfers, video editing, and data-intensive tasks. It significantly reduces waiting times and enhances productivity.

Bandwidth Allocation: USB 4 implements the PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) protocol, which optimizes bandwidth allocation. This means that multiple devices can simultaneously transmit data without experiencing bottlenecks.

Backward Compatibility: USB 4 is designed to be backward compatible with older USB standards. This ensures that your existing USB devices can still be used with USB 4 ports, eliminating the need for adapters or additional cables.

USB 4 supports daisy-chaining, allowing multiple devices to be connected in a series. It also enables the delivery of up to 100W of power, facilitating fast charging for compatible devices. Additionally, USB 4 ports can transmit video and audio signals, reducing the need for separate display and audio connectors.

Is USB 4 the same as USB-C or Thunderbolt?

What is the difference between USB 4 and USB-C?

USB 4 refers to the latest USB standard, while USB-C is a type of connector.

USB 4 can operate through a USB-C port, but not all USB-C ports support USB 4.

USB-C is a versatile connector that can support various protocols, including USB 4, USB 3.1, and Thunderbolt 3.

Which is better, USB 4 or Thunderbolt?

USB 4 incorporates Thunderbolt 3 technology, making it similar in terms of performance and capabilities.

However, Thunderbolt offers additional features such as higher power delivery and support for external GPUs.

The choice between USB 4 and Thunderbolt depends on the specific requirements of your devices.

What USB 4 devices can you buy?

USB 4 devices are gaining popularity, and manufacturers are embracing this technology. Some of them are listed below. But it's worth noting that you'll want to pay close attention to the product name before buying, as USB 4 products will often include USB 4 as a handy reminder.

USB 4 SSD Enclosures: USB 4 storage enclosures offer a variety of features, including higher transfer speeds, improved video management, and optional compatibility. For example, the world's fastest and first USB 4 ssd enclosure became available in July 2023.

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USB 4 Cable: Not only does USB 4 technology provide the best video quality, but it also allows unused bandwidth to be used for power, data, and other purposes over a single connection.

USB 4 SSD: USB 4 SSD is one of the fastest drives ever released.

FAQs about USB 4

What are the main differences between USB 4 and USB 3.2?

USB 4 provides higher data transfer speeds, expanded protocol support, improved power delivery capabilities, and enhanced audio/video capabilities compared to USB 3.2.

USB 4 is designed to be a more versatile and future-proof standard, catering to the evolving needs of devices and users.

Can I use my USB 3.0 or USB 3.1 devices with USB 4 ports?

Yes, you can use USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 devices with USB 4 ports.

When you connect a USB 3.0 or USB 3.1 device to a USB 4 port, the device will operate at its respective USB 3.0 or USB 3.1 speeds.

The data transfer rates will be limited to the capabilities of the specific device or port.

Can USB 4 deliver power to my devices?

Yes, USB 4 supports power delivery capabilities, allowing it to deliver power to devices connected through USB 4 ports.

USB Power Delivery (USB PD) is a protocol that enables power delivery over USB connections, and USB 4 incorporates USB PD.

Is USB 4 limited to specific operating systems?

No, USB 4 is not limited to specific operating systems.

It is designed to be a cross-platform standard and can work with various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and others.

However, it's worth noting that the specific functionality and features of USB 4 may be influenced by the operating system and its level of support for the USB 4 standard.

For example, certain features or performance optimizations may require specific drivers or software updates provided by the operating system or device manufacturer.

To ensure the best compatibility and performance with USB 4, it's recommended to keep your operating system up to date with the latest USB drivers and system updates.

Final Thoughts on USB 4

USB 4 marks a significant milestone in the world of connectivity.

Its exceptional speed, improved bandwidth allocation, backward compatibility, and diverse range of supported devices make it an ideal choice for 3C digital enthusiasts.

With USB 4, the possibilities for data transfer and device connectivity are endless.

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